§ 46-923. Parking requirements.

In all districts and in connection with every use there shall be provided at the time any use or building is erected, enlarged, extended or increased off-street parking stalls for all vehicles in accordance with the following:

(1)

Adequate access to a public street shall be provided for each parking space, and driveways shall be at least ten feet wide for one-family and two-family dwellings, at least 18 feet for farmsteads and a 24-foot driveway for all other uses. Driveway openings for vehicular ingress and egress from streets shall meet the requirements of section 46-924(2).

The exception being that a 16-foot driveway will be permitted in the B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4 and B-5 business zoning districts if the drive is properly identified for one-way traffic only.

(2)

The size of each parking space shall be at least 180 square feet exclusive of the space required for access drives, sometimes called traffic aisles, and except for space provided for use by persons with disabilities.

Parking spaces shall open directly onto a traffic aisle that is wide enough to provide safe and efficient means of vehicular access to the parking spaces. Two-way traffic aisles shall be at least 24 feet wide, and one-way traffic aisles at least 16 feet wide.

(3)

Parking spaces for use by physically disabled persons shall be provided in accordance with Wis. Stats. §§ 346.50, 346.503 and 346.505 and any amendments thereto.

(4)

Curbs or barriers shall be installed a minimum of four feet from a property line so as to prevent the parked vehicles from extending over any lot lines; and a minimum three feet from fences, walls, shrubs, trees, or other plants and structures so as to prevent damage to the structure or landscaping.

(5)

Location to be on the same lot as the principal use, unless the provisions of section 46-923(13)a. or b. applies.

(6)

All off-street parking areas shall be graded and surfaced with bituminous asphalt or concrete and be properly drained. All parking areas for five or more vehicles shall have the aisles and spaces clearly marked.

(7)

Lighting for parking lots shall meet the requirements of section 46-955.

(8)

All public and private off-street parking areas which serve five or more vehicles and are created or redesigned and rebuilt subsequent to the adoption of the ordinance from which this chapter is derived shall be provided with accessory landscape areas totaling not less than five percent of the surfaced area. The minimum size of each landscape area shall not be less than 100 square feet. At the end of each parking bay, or row of spaces, a landscaped island of a similar dimension as a parking space shall be provided to separate the bay or row from driveways or traffic access aisles. The dimensions of a landscaped island may vary from the parking space dimension to allow desirable geometric design features, such as rounded corners and angles, to facilitate maneuvering of automobile traffic. Trees shall be provided at the rate of one deciduous tree at least two inches in caliper measured 4.5 feet above ground for every 20 parking spaces and shall be provided in the landscaped areas required within the interior of the parking lot. Location of landscape areas, plant materials, protection afforded the plantings, including curbing and provision for maintenance, shall be subject to approval by the plan commission and may be modified in accordance with section 46-923(13)a. All plans for such proposed parking areas shall include a topographic survey or grading plan which shows existing and proposed grades and location of improvements. The preservation of existing trees, shrubs and other natural vegetation in the parking area may be included in the calculation of the required minimum landscape area.

(9)

Screening.

a.

All parking lots, except in the A-1 district and the single- and two-family residential zoning districts, and loading/unloading service areas adjoining public rights-of-way or a residential district shall be screened from such areas by a solid wall, solid fence, raised berm, densely planted evergreen plants, or other effective means as determined acceptable by the plan commission. Where walls or fences are used, sufficient landscaping shall be provided in conjunction with such wall or fence to create an attractive view from the street or residential side.

The screening between a parking lot and a street or public right-of-way shall attain a height of at least three feet measured above the parking surface within three years, with a minimum height of 18 inches at the time of installation, and may consist of a combination of landscaping materials including fencing, walls, berms or plantings on top of berms or in planters. The screening between a parking lot and an adjoining residential district shall be a minimum of six feet in height, and between a loading/unloading service area and an adjoining residential district shall be a minimum of ten feet in height, at the time of installation. The plan commission may waive or reduce the screening requirement due to grade differences between adjoining properties, and may require greater screening requirements for parking of large trucks, semitrailers, large equipment, and for screening overhead service doors, and truck loading areas and docks.

b.

All fencing shall be placed on the property or properties being screened and shall not project into a public right-of-way, shall not obstruct the vision clearance triangle, and shall not extend over side or rear property lines. Fences with landscaping shall be located away from property lines so that plant growth will not extend beyond property lines.

(10)

Spaces required are as follows:

Uses	Minimum Parking Required
Residential Uses
Housing for the elderly	One space for each dwelling unit.
Multi-family dwellings	One space for each efficiency dwelling unit, two spaces for each one bedroom or larger dwelling unit, plus 0.25 space per dwelling unit for guest parking. One parking space per dwelling shall be located in a garage attached to the principal structure or integrated into the structure, such as underground parking.
Single-family and two-family dwellings; mobile homes	Two spaces for each dwelling unit, one of which shall be located in a garage.
Business and Manufacturing Uses
Automobile repair garages and service garages	One space for each regular employee, plus one space for each 250 square feet of floor area used for repair work.
Bowling alleys	Five spaces for each alley.
Financial institutions, business, government and professional offices.	One space for each 500 square feet of net floor area and one space for each two employees.
Funeral homes	Twenty spaces for each viewing room.
Gasoline filling station	Two spaces for each indoor service stall or similar facility, plus one space for each attendant.
Manufacturing and processing plants, (including meat and food processing), laboratories and warehouses	One space for each two employees.
Medical and dental clinics.	Five spaces for each doctor.
Motels, hotels	One space for each guestroom, plus one space for each three employees.
Motor vehicles sales (new and used)	One space for each 500 square feet of floor area used, plus one space for each 300 square feet of outdoor display area for each motor vehicle to be displayed. (This requirement does not include service garages—See above.)
Restaurants, bars, places of entertainment, lodges and clubs, repair shops, retail and service stores.	One space for each 300 square feet of floor area and one space for each two employees.
Institutional and Related Uses
Churches, theaters, auditoriums, community centers, vocational and night schools, and other places of public assembly	One space for each five seats.
Colleges, secondary and elementary schools	One space for each two employees, plus one space for each ten students of 16 years of age or more.
Hospitals, sanatoriums, institutions, rest and nursing homes	One space for each five beds, plus one space for each three employees.
Retirement homes, orphanages, convents, monasteries	One space per 2,000 feet of principal floor area.
Rooming houses and boarding houses, fraternity and sorority houses, dormitories, rectories	One space per bed.

 

(11)

In the case of structures or uses not identified in subsection (10), the provision for a use which is similar shall apply. Combinations of any of the uses identified in subsection (10) shall provide the total of the number of parking spaces required for each individual use.

(12)

Notwithstanding the provisions of section (10), structures in the B-3 central business/mixed-use district having not more than two non-senior dwelling units shall not be required to provide attached garage parking.

(13)

Modification of parking and loading requirements.

a.

Modifications. The village plan commission may increase or decrease the loading/unloading and parking requirements set forth in sections 46-922 and 46-923, respectively, of this chapter when it is determined that the use will need more or fewer spaces because of the intensity of use; employees working off-site; cooperative/shared parking arrangements with different peak parking demands; use of alternative transportation such as public transit, van pool operations, car-pooling, and bicycles; or other evidence that indicates the demand for parking or loading/unloading spaces will be more or less than chapter requirements. The plan commission may also adjust the landscaping and dimension requirements for parking or loading/loading spaces due to significant site constraints, parking lots with parallel parking spaces or one-way traffic aisles, designated spaces for compact cars, or common access aisles shared between parking spaces for the disabled.

The petitioner shall submit written documentation and data to the satisfaction of the plan commission when the operation will require fewer parking or loading/unloading spaces than the chapter requirements. Information shall be submitted such as documents, contracts, covenants, joint lease agreements, purchase agreements, deed restrictions, or other agreements, which shall be recorded by the applicant with the register of deeds, as may be deemed necessary by the plan commission to ensure that the required spaces are provided and maintained during the life of the development.

b.

Payment-in-lieu of providing off-street parking for nonresidential uses only in the B-3 district. Nonresidential uses and buildings erected, enlarged, extended or increased in a B-3 district may, upon documentation satisfactory to the plan commission and village board, meet some or all of its parking requirements by using public parking available within 400 feet of the use or building. A use which uses this provision shall, upon approval by the village board, make a one-time payment to the Village of Hartland equal to the documented cost of constructing, as well as maintaining, the required parking as if it were placed on vacant, undeveloped land accessible to a public street. The cost shall be established by the Village of Hartland based upon a current estimate. The fee shall be an amount equal to the current fair market value of the waived parking space, the area of which shall be determined by the number of required spaces times 300 square feet, and the cost of converting and maintaining such land as a parking area as estimated by the village public works director. This would be a condition of plan approval and would run with the use as long as it remained on site and was not expanded or changed. Any change of use or expansion of buildings in the future is subject to subsections c. and d. below. No refund of such payment shall be made when there is a change to a use requiring less parking.

c.

Changes in occupancy or use. When the use of a building, structure, or land is changed to another use or occupant that requires more parking or loading/unloading spaces than required for the use existing immediately prior to such change, additional parking or loading/unloading spaces shall be constructed or comply with subsection b. above for the new use or occupant in the amount necessary to conform to this chapter.

d.

Changes in intensity of use. When the intensity of an existing use of a building, structure, or land is increased by an addition of employees, gross floor area, seating capacity, or other unit of measurement, additional parking or loading/unloading spaces shall be constructed or comply with subsection b. above for such additions in the amount necessary to conform to this chapter.

Cross reference

Traffic and vehicles, ch. 82.